Perlindungan Hukum dalam Skema Asuransi Parametrik Bencana Alam: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia dan Jepang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v11i2.5854Keywords:
Parametric Insurance, Legal Protection, Disaster Mitigation, Asuransi Parametrik, Perlindungan Hukum, Mitigasi Bencana.Abstract
AbstractThis study discusses aspects of legal protection for the application of parametric insurance as a risk financing instrument in the context of natural disaster mitigation in Indonesia by comparing the regulatory framework applied in Japan. Parametric insurance is a form of financial innovation that allows claims to be paid automatically based on certain parameters, without the need for physical damage verification. This study uses normative and comparative legal methods through analysis of regulations, public policy, and insurance industry practices in both countries. The findings show that the legal system in Indonesia does not specifically regulate the characteristics of parametric insurance, thus creating a legal vacuum in consumer protection and dispute resolution mechanisms. Meanwhile, Japan has implemented more adaptive regulations through the Financial Services Agency (FSA) and a regulatory sandbox scheme that supports data-based innovation and automation of the claims process. Therefore, national regulatory updates and inter-agency synergy are needed to strengthen legal certainty and promote the implementation of parametric insurance as a strategic solution in disaster risk management in Indonesia.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas aspek perlindungan hukum terhadap penerapan asuransi parametrik sebagai instrumen pembiayaan risiko dalam konteks mitigasi bencana alam di Indonesia, dengan membandingkan kerangka regulasi yang diterapkan di Jepang. Asuransi parametrik merupakan bentuk inovasi finansial yang memungkinkan klaim dibayarkan secara otomatis berdasarkan parameter tertentu, tanpa memerlukan verifikasi kerusakan fisik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan komparatif melalui analisis terhadap regulasi, kebijakan publik, dan praktik industri asuransi di kedua negara. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sistem hukum di Indonesia belum secara spesifik mengatur karakteristik asuransi parametrik, sehingga menimbulkan kekosongan hukum dalam perlindungan konsumen dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa. Sementara itu, Jepang telah menerapkan regulasi yang lebih adaptif melalui Financial Services Agency (FSA) dan skema regulatory sandbox yang mendukung inovasi berbasis data dan otomatisasi proses klaim. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembaruan regulasi nasional serta sinergi antar lembaga untuk memperkuat kepastian hukum dan mendorong implementasi asuransi parametrik sebagai solusi strategis dalam pengelolaan risiko bencana di Indonesia.
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Arikha Saputra, Dyah Listiyorini, Muzayanah. “Tanggungjawab Asuransi Dalam Mekanisme Klaim Pada Perjanjian Asuransi Berdasarkan Prinsip Utmost Good Faith.” Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha 9, no. 1 (2021): 211–222.
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Chafid, Moch. “Asuransi Parametrik Sebagai Mekanisme Alternatif Dalam Memberikan Kompensasi Kepada Korban Perubahan Iklim Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2022): 229–258.
Daniell, James E., Andreas M. Schaefer, and Friedemann Wenzel. “Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes.” Frontiers in Built Environment 3, no. June (2017): 1–14. https://www.frontiersin.org.
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Gallagher, Justin. “Learning about an Infrequent Event: Evidence from Flood Insurance Take-up in the United States.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 3 (2014): 206–233.
Handoyo, Felix Wisnu, Syarifah Aini Dalimunthe, Purwanto Purwanto, Ikval Suardi, Chitra Indah Yuliana, Erla Mychelisda, Irwanda Wisnu Wardhana, and Agus Eko Nugroho. “Enhancing Disaster Resilience: Insights from the Cianjur Earthquake to Improve Indonesia’s Risk Financing Strategies.” SAGE Open 14, no. 2 (2024): 1–16.
Kusumawardhani, Dini, Ichsan Hafiz, and Amesta Ramadhani. “Working Paper Series Insurance For Low-Income Families As An Earthquake Risk Financing Instrument Saut Sagala <Resilience Development Initiative>,” no. 1 (2018): 1–19. www.rdi.or.id.
Mahul Olivier, and Cummins J. David. Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries Principles for Public Intervention. The World Bank. Vol. 37. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 2009.
Nhien, Cao Thi, Dang Ngoc Hung, and Vu Thi Thanh Bình. “Using Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network to Detect Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Data from Listed Companies in Vietnam.” Quality - Access to Success 25, no. 202 (2024): 160–173.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Draft Roadmap Pengembangan Perasuransian Indonesia. Departemen Pengaturan Dan Pengembangan IKNB, OJK. Jakarta, 2023. www.ojk.go.id.
Rahman, Andi W. S., Jasruddin, and Nasrul Ihsan. “Analisis Rekahan Gempa Bumi Dan Gempa Bumi Susulan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Omori.” Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Fisika 8, no. 3 (2012): 263–268.
Syamsia, dan Amanda Patappari Abubakar Idhan. “Executive Summary Executive Summary Executive Summary.” South African Medical Journal 101, no. 2003 (2016): 16.
Wen, Jiahong, Chengcheng Wan, Qian Ye, Jianping Yan, and Weijiang Li. “Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Their Linkages with Sustainable Development over the Past 30 Years: A Review.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 14, no. 1 (2023): 1–13.
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2025-12-31
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