Harmonisasi Kewenangan Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah melalui Arbitrase dan Pengadilan di Indonesia
Keywords:
Arbitrase Syariah, BASYARNAS, Kewenangan, Maqasid Al-Shari‘Ah, Sengketa Ekonomi SyariahAbstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis harmonisasi kewenangan penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah melalui arbitrase dan pengadilan di Indonesia. Disharmonisasi antara Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999, Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006, Putusan MK Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012, Peraturan MA Nomor 14 Tahun 2016, dan Peraturan OJK Nomor 61/POJK.07/2020 menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan antara BASYARNAS, Pengadilan Agama, dan Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus melalui analisis Putusan PA Makassar Nomor 1319/Pdt.G/2023 dan PA Lamongan Nomor 2426/Pdt.G/2020. Hasil menunjukkan disharmonisasi menyebabkan dualisme kewenangan, forum shopping, dan ketidakpastian hukum. Kedua putusan memperlihatkan karakter akad syariah dijadikan dasar kompetensi absolut Pengadilan Agama, namun sinkronisasi norma arbitrase dan peradilan belum terwujud. Penelitian ini menawarkan model harmonisasi melalui sinkronisasi regulasi dan integrasi maqāṣid al-syarī'ah guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah.
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