AI Policy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy

1. General Principle

Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia permits the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including generative AI and large language models (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Copilot, and similar tools), to assist in manuscript preparation, provided that the conditions of this policy are met. AI is regarded as an assistive tool and not as a substitute for the author's intellectual contribution, legal reasoning, and academic responsibility. This policy follows the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and international best practices in scholarly publishing.

2. Permitted Uses

Authors may use AI to:

  1. improve the grammar, spelling, readability, and style of text written by the authors themselves;
  2. assist in translating the manuscript, abstract, or keywords, subject to the authors' review;
  3. assist in preliminary searches of literature, legislation, or court decisions, provided every source is verified against its original document;
  4. assist in formatting citations and references according to the journal's style;
  5. assist in data processing or visualisation (for empirical legal research), provided the methods and results are verified and described in the methodology section.

3. Prohibited Uses

  1. Listing AI as an author or co-author. AI cannot bear responsibility and accountability for scholarly work.
  2. Using AI to generate the core substance of the manuscript, namely the research questions, legal arguments, analysis, findings, and conclusions, without substantial intellectual contribution from the authors.
  3. Presenting AI-generated quotations, references, statutory provisions, case numbers or holdings, or expert opinions without verification against the original sources (including fictitious or "hallucinated" sources).
  4. Using AI to create, falsify, or manipulate research data, interview results, or images.
  5. Using AI to disguise plagiarism, including automated paraphrasing of others' work without proper attribution.

4. Disclosure Requirement

Any use of AI beyond basic spell-checking must be transparently disclosed in a separate section placed before the References, titled "Declaration of AI Use", stating the name and version of the AI tool, the purpose of its use, and the parts of the manuscript affected. Sample statement:

"During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [name of AI tool, version] in order to [improve language/translate the abstract/...]. After using this tool, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of this publication."

Authors who did not use AI may simply state so in the originality statement form upon submission.

5. Author Responsibility

Authors are fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, and integrity of the entire manuscript, including any parts prepared with AI assistance. Given the nature of legal scholarship, authors must ensure the accuracy of references to primary legal sources (legislation with its number and year, court decisions, and international treaties) by checking them directly against official sources.

6. Reviewers and Editors

  1. Reviewers and editors must not upload manuscripts, any part of their content, or review reports to public AI tools, as this breaches the confidentiality of the peer-review process and the authors' rights.
  2. The substantive assessment of a manuscript must be carried out by the reviewer personally. AI may only be used to improve the language of a review report written by the reviewer, without including manuscript content.
  3. Editors may use similarity-checking or AI-detection tools as supporting considerations, but editorial decisions remain based on human judgement.

7. Investigation and Sanctions

The Editorial Board may request clarification from authors where there are indications of undisclosed AI use or use inconsistent with this policy. Violations may result in a request for revision, rejection of the manuscript, or retraction of a published article in accordance with COPE guidelines.

8. Policy Review

This policy will be reviewed periodically in line with developments in AI technology and national and international publication ethics standards.