KOMPARASI NORMA HUKUM TRANSPLANTASI ORGAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESEHATAN LAMA DAN BARU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35194/jj.v5i02.5142Keywords:
Hukum, Kepastian, Kesehatan, Organ, Transplantasi, Certainty, Health, Law, Organs, Transplantation.Abstract
ABSTRAK
Transplantasi organ di Indonesia telah mengalami perubahan regulasi yang signifikan seiring diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, menggantikan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009. Artikel ini mengkaji perbandingan norma hukum terkait transplantasi organ antara kedua undang-undang tersebut dengan menitikberatkan pada aspek larangan komersialisasi, kewenangan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, dan penghargaan kepada pendonor. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dan analisis komparatif, artikel ini menemukan bahwa UU 17/2023 memberikan landasan hukum yang lebih rinci dan tegas, termasuk penguatan peran negara dan sanksi pidana terhadap praktik ilegal. Namun demikian, ketentuan mengenai mekanisme penghargaan terhadap pendonor masih bersifat umum dan belum operasional. Hal ini menimbulkan kekosongan norma teknis dan risiko multitafsir yang berpotensi melemahkan sistem donor organ sukarela. Artikel ini menyarankan pentingnya regulasi turunan yang lebih teknis untuk menjamin perlindungan hukum, efektivitas implementasi, dan peningkatan partisipasi publik dalam sistem transplantasi organ yang etis dan berkeadilan.
ABSTRACT
Organ transplantation in Indonesia has undergone significant regulatory changes with the enactment of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, replacing Law No. 36 of 2009. This article examines the comparison of legal norms related to organ transplantation between the two laws, focusing on aspects such as the prohibition of commercialisation, the authority of healthcare facilities, and recognition for donors. Through a normative legal approach and comparative analysis, this article finds that Law No. 17 of 2023 provides a more detailed and stringent legal framework, including strengthened state roles and criminal penalties for illegal practices. However, provisions regarding mechanisms for rewarding donors remain general and non-operational. This creates a technical normative vacuum and the risk of multiple interpretations, which could weaken the voluntary organ donation system. This article suggests the importance of more technical derivative regulations to ensure legal protection, effective implementation, and increased public participation in an ethical and equitable organ transplantation system.
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