Negosiasi Identitas Sosial Mahasiswa dalam Interaksi Berbahasa: Kajian Sosiolinguistik
Keywords:
social identity, negotiation, language practices, sociolinguistics, studentsAbstract
This article examines how university students negotiate their social identity through language practices in everyday interactions within the academic environment. Using a descriptive qualitative approach grounded in interactional sociolinguistics, data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 147 respondents and through the observation of students’ actual speech in formal and informal situations. The data were analyzed using the five principles of identity construction proposed by Bucholtz and Hall (2005), namely emergence, positionality, indexicality, relationality, and partialness. The findings reveal that students’ language practices tend to foreground academic identity, particularly in formal contexts, while regional identity is used situationally and flexibly. Linguistic strategies such as code-switching, style-shifting, and specific lexical choices function as the primary means of constructing and negotiating identity. The study concludes that language is not merely a tool of communication but the central medium through which students dynamically build, position, and display their social identity across interactional contexts.
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana mahasiswa menegosiasikan identitas sosialnya melalui praktik berbahasa dalam interaksi sehari-hari di lingkungan akademik. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang berlandaskan sosiolinguistik interaksional, data dikumpulkan melalui angket terhadap 147 responden serta observasi terhadap praktik berbahasa mahasiswa dalam situasi formal maupun informal. Data dianalisis menggunakan lima prinsip konstruksi identitas yang dikemukakan Bucholtz dan Hall, yaitu emergence, positionality, indexicality, relationality, dan partialness. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik berbahasa mahasiswa cenderung menonjolkan identitas akademik, terutama dalam konteks formal, sementara identitas kedaerahan digunakan secara situasional dan fleksibel. Strategi linguistik seperti alih kode, penyesuaian gaya bahasa, dan pilihan leksikal tertentu berfungsi sebagai sarana utama dalam mengonstruksi dan menegosiasikan identitas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa bahasa bukan sekadar alat komunikasi, melainkan medium utama yang digunakan mahasiswa untuk membangun, memosisikan, dan menampilkan identitas sosialnya secara dinamis dalam berbagai konteks interaksi.
Keywords: identitas sosial; negosiasi; praktik berbahasa; sosiolinguistik; mahasiswa
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