OPTIMIZING ZAKAT AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DISTRIBUTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35194/eeki.v6i1.5894Keywords:
Zakat, Pembangunan Sosial Ekonomi, Penyaluran Personal, Kelembagaan, Research Gap, Socio-Economic Development, Personal Distribution, Institutional ModelAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penyaluran zakat personal dan kelembagaan dalam mendukung pembangunan sosial ekonomi umat di Indonesia. Kajian ini berangkat dari gap penelitian yang masih minim membahas bagaimana kedua model penyaluran tersebut dapat disinergikan, padahal perbedaan karakteristik keduanya sering menimbulkan ketidakefisienan distribusi dan tidak optimalnya pemanfaatan potensi zakat nasional. Melalui metode literature review berbasis pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menelaah beragam literatur, laporan resmi, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu mengenai tata kelola zakat, mekanisme distribusi, serta dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa zakat memiliki peran strategis dalam pemerataan ekonomi dan pengentasan kemiskinan, namun terdapat ketidakselarasan antara potensi zakat yang besar dan realisasi distribusinya. Model penyaluran personal unggul dalam kedekatan sosial dan kecepatan, sementara model kelembagaan lebih baik dalam profesionalitas, akuntabilitas, dan pemerataan. Akan tetapi, keduanya memiliki keterbatasan yang dapat saling melengkapi. Penelitian ini penting karena memberikan rekomendasi strategis berupa integrasi sistem pelaporan digital, penguatan literasi zakat, dan kolaborasi berbasis komunitas untuk mengatasi gap tersebut. Dengan sinergi yang tepat, zakat dapat berfungsi sebagai instrumen ekonomi Islam yang berkeadilan, transparan, dan berkelanjutan dalam mendorong pembangunan sosial ekonomi umat. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of personal and institutional zakat distribution in contributing to socio-economic development within Indonesia’s Islamic economic framework. The research addresses a significant gap in previous studies, which rarely examine how these two distribution models can be synergized, despite their differing characteristics often resulting in inefficiencies and suboptimal utilization of Indonesia’s substantial zakat potential. Using a qualitative approach through a literature review, the study reviews academic publications, official reports, and empirical findings related to zakat governance, distribution mechanisms, and their impact on community welfare. The findings indicate that zakat serves as a vital instrument for wealth redistribution and poverty alleviation; however, a misalignment persists between its large potential and the actual distribution outcomes. Personal distribution excels in social proximity and responsiveness, whereas institutional models offer greater professionalism, accountability, and equitable coverage. Yet both possess limitations that can complement one another. This research is important because it proposes strategic solutions—such as digital reporting integration, improved zakat literacy, and community-based collaboration—to address this gap. Through enhanced synergy, zakat can function as a just, transparent, and sustainable Islamic economic instrument that significantly contributes to equitable socio-economic development.References
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Azharuddin and Cape, M. (2022). Efektivitas Penyaluran Zakat Secara Personal terhadap Kesejahteraan Mustahik di Masyarakat Pedesaan. Jurnal Sosioedukasi, 9(2), 45–58. https://ejournal.unibabwi.ac.id/index.php/sosioedukasi/article/download/5748/3299
BAZNAS. (2023). Laporan Zakat Nasional 2023. Badan Amil Zakat Nasional. https://www.baznas.go.id/
Beik C., I. S. and P. (2021). Zakat Impact on Poverty and Welfare of Mustahik: A CIBEST Model Approach. AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.47312/aifer.v1i01.16
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Darajat, U. A. (2024). Wealth Distribution Inequality and Social Justice in Islamic Economics: An Evaluation of the Role of Zakat, Waqf, and Islamic Philanthropy in the Digital Economy Era in Indonesia. Journal of Social Science and Economics, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.37812/josse.v4i2.2037
Ghozali, M. (2024). Analisis Tingkat Kepercayaan Muzakki terhadap Lembaga Amil Zakat di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Dan Filantropi Islam, 6(2), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.24042/jesfi.v6i2.1293
Hafidhuddin, D. (2021). Manajemen Zakat di Era Modern: Tantangan dan Peluang. Jurnal Al-Muzara’ah, 9(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.29244/jam.v9i1.32511
Haikal I., M. and M. (2024). Peran Zakat Dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Masyarakat di Aceh. AT-TASYRI’: Jurnal Ilmiah Prodi Muamalah, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.47498/tasyri.v15i2.2362
Hamadou A., S. and J. (2024). The Role of Zakat Institutions in Promoting Inclusive Growth: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics Studies, 12(3), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.52282/jies.v12i3.188
Iaini, N. A. (2024). Zakat Produktif dan Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Mustahik: Studi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Berbasis Syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/jurimea.v5i2.914
Indriani T. and Rukman, A., A. N. and R. (2024). Model Distribusi Zakat Personal dalam Masyarakat Tradisional: Analisis Sosial Ekonomi. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Dan Pembangunan Masyarakat, 5(1), 66–79. https://ejournal.unibabwi.ac.id/index.php/sosioedukasi/article/download/5748/3299
Maulidia I., R. and M. (2021). Performance Analysis of Zakat-Based Empowerment to Improve Mustahik’s Welfare. Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.37275/oaijss.v5i1.105
Miles A. M. and Saldaña, J., M. B. and H. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Mutmainah F. and Rahmawati, D., L. and A. (2024). Zakat Distribution and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 6(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.146
RI, K. A. (2023). Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2023. Direktorat Pemberdayaan Zakat dan Wakaf. https://kemenag.go.id
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Wardani, L. A. K. (2024). Peran Zakat dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia. As-Syirkah: Islamic Economic & Financial Journal, 3(2), 1204–1214. https://doi.org/10.56672/syirkah.v3i2.115
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2026-01-31
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