Polisemi Kata “Sadar” dalam Bahasa Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35194/alinea.v15i2.6342Keywords:
polisemi, metafora konseptual, kategori radial;, semantik kognitifAbstract
This article to identify and classify the meanings of the word sadar, analyze the conceptual metaphors underlying the extension from physical to abstract meanings, and formulate the radial structure connecting the central meaning to its branches. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were taken from the Indonesian Web 2024 (idTenTen24) corpus via Sketch Engine, consisting of 500 random samples containing the keyword sadar and its derivatives. The analysis was conducted using Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Radial Category Theory. The results show five meaning groups: physical, cognitive, moral, collective, and psychological. Among these, the physical meaning serves as the prototype. Furthermore, three main metaphors were identified, namely sadar is waking up from sleep, sadar is seeing the light, and sadar is an open space. The radial structure of sadar demonstrates that all branch meanings are motivatedly connected to the central meaning. Thus, the polysemy of sadar in Indonesian cannot be seen as a coincidental phenomenon, but rather as a system rooted in universal human physical experience.
Abstrak
Artikel ini akan mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokkan makna-makna kata sadar, (2) menganalisis metafora konseptual yang melandasi perluasan dari makna fisik ke makna abstrak, serta (3) merumuskan struktur radial yang menghubungkan makna sentral dengan cabang-cabang maknanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data diambil dari korpus Indonesian Web 2024 (idTenTen24) melalui Sketch Engine, dengan 500 sampel acak yang memuat kata kunci sadar beserta turunannya. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori metafora konseptual dan teori kategori radial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya lima kelompok makna, yakni fisik, kognitif, moral, kolektif, dan psikologis. Di antara kelima kelompok tersebut, makna fisik berfungsi sebagai prototipe. Selain itu, ditemukan tiga metafora utama, yaitu sadar adalah bangun dari tidur, sadar adalah melihat cahaya, sadar adalah ruang terbuka. Struktur radial kata sadar memperlihatkan bahwa seluruh makna cabang terhubung secara termotivasi dengan makna sentral. Karena itu, polisemi kata sadar dalam bahasa Indonesia tidak dapat dipandang sebagai fenomena kebetulan, melainkan sebagai sistem yang berakar pada pengalaman fisik universal manusia.
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