Article Retraction & Withdrawal

The journal is committed to maintaining the integrity, transparency, and reliability of scholarly publications. Article retraction and withdrawal are conducted in accordance with publication ethics and recognized best practices in scholarly publishing.

1. Article Retraction

An article may be retracted if there is clear evidence of serious violations of publication ethics or substantial errors that invalidate its findings. Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

  • Plagiarism or significant text duplication.

  • Data fabrication or falsification.

  • Serious errors that invalidate the research findings or conclusions.

  • Duplicate publication or redundant publication.

  • Undisclosed conflicts of interest that may have influenced the research.

  • Unethical research practices or violations of research ethics.

  • Authorship misconduct or other serious breaches of publication ethics.

Retraction decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief after an appropriate investigation and, where necessary, consultation with the authors, reviewers, or relevant institutions. A retraction notice will be published to explain the reason for the retraction, and the original article will remain accessible with a clear retracted label to maintain the scholarly record.

2. Article Withdrawal

Article withdrawal refers to the removal of a manuscript before its formal publication. Authors who wish to withdraw a manuscript must submit a written request to the editor, providing a valid reason for withdrawal.

A manuscript may be withdrawn under circumstances such as:

  • Submission of an incorrect or incomplete manuscript that cannot be adequately corrected.

  • Accidental duplicate submission.

  • Discovery of significant ethical or methodological problems before publication.

  • Other reasonable circumstances approved by the editorial board.

Authors are not permitted to withdraw a manuscript solely to submit it to another journal while it is still under consideration by this journal. Withdrawal requests will be reviewed by the editorial board, and the authors will receive written notification of the decision.

3. Retraction and Withdrawal Procedure

The journal follows a fair and transparent procedure when handling retraction or withdrawal requests:

  1. The editor receives a retraction or withdrawal request or identifies a potential publication ethics concern.

  2. The editor reviews the evidence and may request clarification or supporting documents from the authors.

  3. The editorial board evaluates the case and determines the appropriate action.

  4. The decision is communicated to the relevant parties.

  5. If retraction is necessary, a formal retraction notice is published. If withdrawal is approved before publication, the manuscript's editorial status is updated accordingly.

4. Editorial Responsibility

The Editor-in-Chief and editorial board are responsible for ensuring that all retraction and withdrawal decisions are handled objectively, confidentially, and in accordance with publication ethics. Authors are expected to cooperate fully during investigations and provide accurate information when requested.

This policy aims to protect the integrity of the scientific record and uphold the journal's commitment to responsible scholarly publishing.