Mata dan Manusia Laut Karya Okky Madasari: Tinjauan Ekokritik Greg Garrard
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35194/alinea.v14i2.5479Abstract
This article explores the representation of human and environmental relationships in Okky Madasari's novel “Mata dan Manusia Laut” using Greg Garrard's ecocritical approach. This theoretical framework has six main aspects: pollution, wilderness, disaster, settlement, animals, and the earth. This research method is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach. The data comes from direct quotations in the text that represent environmental issues. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software. The results of data analysis show that this novel voices criticism of the damage to marine and coastal ecology due to human activities, as well as the importance of ecological awareness through the main character, Mata, and her interactions with nature and the Bajo tribe. The novel not only conveys a moral message about environmental conservation but also raises the social inequality experienced by indigenous coastal communities facing modernization and exploitation. The most dominant aspect is pollution, with a coverage of 14.68%, indicating the high representation of environmental damage due to waste, marine pollution, and unsustainable human activities in the novel's narrative. The contribution of the research provides input to the government to make rules on environmental conservation that are pro-coastal people. Future research is the curriculum content of literature teaching materials on environmental themes. Keywords: ecocriticism; Greg Garrard; environment; humans and nature Abstrak Artikel ini mengeksplorasi representasi hubungan manusia dan lingkungan dalam novel “Mata dan Manusia Laut” karya Okky Madasari dengan pendekatan ekokritik Greg Garrard. Kerangka teori ini, terdapat enam aspek utama, yaitu: polusi, hutan belantara, bencana, pemukiman, binatang, dan bumi. Metode penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Data bersumber dari kutipan-kutipan langsung dalam teks yang merepresentasikan isu-isu lingkungan. Analisis data menggunakan software nvivo. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa novel ini menyuarakan kritik terhadap kerusakan ekologi laut dan pesisir akibat ulah manusia, serta pentingnya kesadaran ekologis melalui tokoh utama, Mata, dan interaksinya dengan alam serta masyarakat suku Bajo. Novel ini tidak hanya menyampaikan pesan moral tentang pelestarian lingkungan, tetapi mengangkat ketimpangan sosial yang dialami masyarakat adat pesisir menghadapi modernisasi dan eksploitasi. Aspek yang paling dominan adalah polusi, dengan cakupan sebesar 14,68% yang menandakan tingginya representasi kerusakan lingkungan akibat limbah, pencemaran laut, dan aktivitas manusia yang tidak berkelanjutan dalam narasi novel. Kontribusi penelitian memberikan masukan kepada pemerintah untuk membuat aturan tentang pelestarian lingkungan yang pro pada rakyat pesisir. Penelitian ke depan adalah muatan kurikulum materi pengajaran sastra tema lingkungan. Katakunci: ekokritik; Greg Garrard; lingkungan; manusia dan alamReferences
Atikah. (2024). Human Rrelationship with Nature in Mata and Rahasia Pulau Gapi Novel by Okky Mandassari Hubungan Manusia dengan Alam dalam Novel Mata dan Rahasia Pulau Gapi Karya Okky Mandassari. Atavisme, 27(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v27i1.738.59-73
Cooper, N., Brady, E., Steen, H., & Bryce, R. (2016). Aesthetic and spiritual values of ecosystems: Recognising the ontological and axiological plurality of cultural ecosystem ‘services.’ Ecosystem Services, 21, 218–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.07.014
Fajar, V. D. S. A. M. A. N. I. M. M. I. G. (2024). Kajian Ekokritik dalam Novel Kisah Seekor Camar dan Kucing yang Mengajarinya Terbang Karya Luis Sepupelva. Ghancaran: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 5(Edisi Khusus), 637–657. https://doi.org/10.19105/ghancaran.vi.15302
Febriyanti, N. E., Zulianto, S., & Setiawan, B. (2023). Kajian Ekokritik dalam Novel Sokola Rimba dalam Pembelajaran Sastra di SMA Ecocritical Study in the Novel Sokola Rimba by Butet Manurung. Basastra, 11(2), 526–541. https://doi.org/10.20961/basastra.v
Garrard, G. (2012). Ecocriticism (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Grubert, E., & Algee-Hewitt, M. (2017). Villainous or valiant? Depictions of oil and coal in American fiction and nonfiction narratives. Energy Research & Social Science, 31, 100–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.030
Haltinner, K., Ladino, J., & Sarathchandra, D. (2021). Feeling skeptical: Worry, dread, and support for environmental policy among climate change skeptics. Emotion, Space and Society, 39, 100790. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2021.100790
Hamblyn, R. (2009). The whistleblower and the canary: rhetorical constructions of climate change. Journal of Historical Geography, 35(2), 223–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2008.09.006
Juanda. (2018a). Fenomena Eksploitasi Lingkungan dalam Cerpen Koran Minggu Indonesia Pendekatan Ekokritik. JAKSIS Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 167–189. ISBN 6103544947
Juanda, J. (2018b). Eksplorasi Nilai Pendidikan Lingkungan Cerpen Daring Republika: Kajian Ekokritik Subject Area?: Language and Literature (Bahasa dan Sastra). Jurnal Sosial Humaniora (JSH), 11(2), 67–81.
Kebede, B. D. (2023). Geographical imagination as portrayed in contemporary Ethiopian creative works that feature the Battle of Adwa. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100446. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100446
Lupinacci, J., Edwards-Schuth, B., Happel-Parkins, A., & Turner, R. (2023). Ecocritical pedagogies and curriculum (R. J. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. B. T.-I. E. of E. (Fourth E. Ercikan (eds.); pp. 202–209). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.08045-3. ISBN 978-0-12-818629-9
Mahpud, R. A. (2013). Mata dan Manusia Laut: Spirit Ekokritik dalam Sastra Anak. Raheema, 12(1), 347–350.
Navidi, M., & Joodaki, A. (2025). The study of sustainable development in Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, due to ecocriticism. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101541. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101541
Peltola, R., & Simonen, M. (2024). Towards interspecies pragmatics: Language use and embodied interaction in human-animal activities, encounters, and narratives. Journal of Pragmatics, 220, 15–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.11.013
Ramadhani, W. (2024). Refleksi Ekokritik dalam Sastra?: Analisis Fenomensa Lingkungan dalam Cerpen Maut di Ladang Jagung dan Pohon-Pohon Jalan Protokol Pendahuluan. 10(4), 3864–3874.
Rodriguez-Labajos, B. (2022). Artistic activism promotes three major forms of sustainability transformation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 57, 101199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101199
Rogers, T., & Hamilton-McKenna, C. (2023). Critical literary perspectives on children’s and young adult literature (R. J. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. B. T.-I. E. of E. (Fourth E. Ercikan (eds.); pp. 605–619). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.07069-X. ISBN 978-0-12-818629-9
S, A., & Radhakrishnan, V. (2025). Beyond the screen: The psychological significance of ecophilia in childhood. MethodsX, 14, 103263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103263
Salisu Barau, A., Stringer, L. C., & Adamu, A. U. (2016). Environmental ethics and future oriented transformation to sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 1539–1547. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.053
Sihotang, A., Nurhasanah, E., & Triyadi, S. (2021). Analisis Ekokritik dalam Novel Kekal Karya Jalu Kancana. Jurnal Metamorfosa, 9(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.46244/metamorfosa.v9i2.1482
Vasudevan, H., & Mukherjee, A. (2025). Ecocritical Extraction Analysis: A Method for Studying Resource Exploitation and Environmental Justice in Literature. MethodsX, 103384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103384
Cooper, N., Brady, E., Steen, H., & Bryce, R. (2016). Aesthetic and spiritual values of ecosystems: Recognising the ontological and axiological plurality of cultural ecosystem ‘services.’ Ecosystem Services, 21, 218–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.07.014
Fajar, V. D. S. A. M. A. N. I. M. M. I. G. (2024). Kajian Ekokritik dalam Novel Kisah Seekor Camar dan Kucing yang Mengajarinya Terbang Karya Luis Sepupelva. Ghancaran: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 5(Edisi Khusus), 637–657. https://doi.org/10.19105/ghancaran.vi.15302
Febriyanti, N. E., Zulianto, S., & Setiawan, B. (2023). Kajian Ekokritik dalam Novel Sokola Rimba dalam Pembelajaran Sastra di SMA Ecocritical Study in the Novel Sokola Rimba by Butet Manurung. Basastra, 11(2), 526–541. https://doi.org/10.20961/basastra.v
Garrard, G. (2012). Ecocriticism (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Grubert, E., & Algee-Hewitt, M. (2017). Villainous or valiant? Depictions of oil and coal in American fiction and nonfiction narratives. Energy Research & Social Science, 31, 100–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.030
Haltinner, K., Ladino, J., & Sarathchandra, D. (2021). Feeling skeptical: Worry, dread, and support for environmental policy among climate change skeptics. Emotion, Space and Society, 39, 100790. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2021.100790
Hamblyn, R. (2009). The whistleblower and the canary: rhetorical constructions of climate change. Journal of Historical Geography, 35(2), 223–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2008.09.006
Juanda. (2018a). Fenomena Eksploitasi Lingkungan dalam Cerpen Koran Minggu Indonesia Pendekatan Ekokritik. JAKSIS Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 2(2), 167–189. ISBN 6103544947
Juanda, J. (2018b). Eksplorasi Nilai Pendidikan Lingkungan Cerpen Daring Republika: Kajian Ekokritik Subject Area?: Language and Literature (Bahasa dan Sastra). Jurnal Sosial Humaniora (JSH), 11(2), 67–81.
Kebede, B. D. (2023). Geographical imagination as portrayed in contemporary Ethiopian creative works that feature the Battle of Adwa. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100446. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100446
Lupinacci, J., Edwards-Schuth, B., Happel-Parkins, A., & Turner, R. (2023). Ecocritical pedagogies and curriculum (R. J. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. B. T.-I. E. of E. (Fourth E. Ercikan (eds.); pp. 202–209). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.08045-3. ISBN 978-0-12-818629-9
Mahpud, R. A. (2013). Mata dan Manusia Laut: Spirit Ekokritik dalam Sastra Anak. Raheema, 12(1), 347–350.
Navidi, M., & Joodaki, A. (2025). The study of sustainable development in Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, due to ecocriticism. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101541. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101541
Peltola, R., & Simonen, M. (2024). Towards interspecies pragmatics: Language use and embodied interaction in human-animal activities, encounters, and narratives. Journal of Pragmatics, 220, 15–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.11.013
Ramadhani, W. (2024). Refleksi Ekokritik dalam Sastra?: Analisis Fenomensa Lingkungan dalam Cerpen Maut di Ladang Jagung dan Pohon-Pohon Jalan Protokol Pendahuluan. 10(4), 3864–3874.
Rodriguez-Labajos, B. (2022). Artistic activism promotes three major forms of sustainability transformation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 57, 101199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101199
Rogers, T., & Hamilton-McKenna, C. (2023). Critical literary perspectives on children’s and young adult literature (R. J. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. B. T.-I. E. of E. (Fourth E. Ercikan (eds.); pp. 605–619). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.07069-X. ISBN 978-0-12-818629-9
S, A., & Radhakrishnan, V. (2025). Beyond the screen: The psychological significance of ecophilia in childhood. MethodsX, 14, 103263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103263
Salisu Barau, A., Stringer, L. C., & Adamu, A. U. (2016). Environmental ethics and future oriented transformation to sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 1539–1547. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.053
Sihotang, A., Nurhasanah, E., & Triyadi, S. (2021). Analisis Ekokritik dalam Novel Kekal Karya Jalu Kancana. Jurnal Metamorfosa, 9(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.46244/metamorfosa.v9i2.1482
Vasudevan, H., & Mukherjee, A. (2025). Ecocritical Extraction Analysis: A Method for Studying Resource Exploitation and Environmental Justice in Literature. MethodsX, 103384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103384
Downloads
Published
2025-10-31
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
