Tinjauan Literatur: Keterkaitan antara Pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Buatan dengan Indeks Inovasi
Keywords:
tinjauan literatur, kecerdasan buatan, indeks inovasi, negara penggunaAbstract
Perkembangan pesat dari kecerdasan buatan (AI) telah membawa perubahan transformatif di berbagai sektor global, menjanjikan dampak ekonomi dan sosial yang signifikan. Adopsi AI yang meluas di berbagai aplikasi menunjukkan potensi besar terhadap ekonomi nasional dan kapasitas inovasi. Sementara itu, inovasi di tingkat nasional diakui sebagai pendorong utama pertumbuhan ekonomi dan daya saing global. Untuk mengukur kinerja inovasi antar negara, Global Innovation Index (GII) diakui sebagai acuan yang penting. Melihat kedua hal tersebut, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara pemanfaatan AI di tingkat nasional dan kinerja inovasi yang diukur oleh indeks inovasi. Tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan untuk menganalisis penelitian yang ada, mengidentifikasi korelasi, dan mengeksplorasi potensi AI dalam inovasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi langkah-langkah terstruktur dalam mengidentifikasi, memilih, mengevaluasi, dan mensintesis penelitian-penelitian yang relevan dari Google Scholar, Scopus, dan IEEE Explore. Hasil tinjauan dari 30 artikel menunjukkan dampak AI di berbagai sektor seperti pertanian, kesehatan, pendidikan, manufaktur, rantai pasokan, dan transportasi. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inovasi nasional dan perusahaan juga diidentifikasi, termasuk peran GII sebagai alat pengukur kinerja inovasi. Analisis sintesis mengungkapkan korelasi positif antara pemanfaatan AI dan kinerja inovasi nasional. Teridentifikasi juga bahwa negara-negara dengan adopsi AI yang tinggi cenderung memiliki peringkat GII yang lebih baik. Selain itu, investasi dalam R&D AI, pengembangan sumber daya manusia, dan lingkungan regulasi yang mendukung inovasi AI menjadi faktor pendukung yang penting. Untuk penelitian lanjutan, disarankan untuk dilakukan studi empiris mendalam, analisis perbandingan antar negara, dan investigasi dampak sosial-etika AI dalam konteks inovasiReferences
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[34] X. Wang, ‘How to promote university technology transfer? A configuration analysis based on technology, organization and environment framework’, PLoS ONE, vol. 20, no. 3, p. e0318563, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318563.
