Model System Dynamics untuk Pengelolaan Sampah Padat Perkotaan di Kota Pekanbaru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35194/jmtsi.v9i1.4502Kata Kunci:
Pekanbaru, Policy, System Dynamics, Municipal Solid Waste, SimulationAbstrak
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is still an issue in urban areas, including Pekanbaru, one of the most densely populated cities in Riau. The increase in the amount of MSW that is left has an impact on the environment and health. This study aims to provide MSW management policies by analyzing various alternative scenarios, including reduction and treatment. The method used is System Dynamics, which consists of designing a CLD (Causal Loop Diagram) model, then continuing by building an SFD (Stock and Flow Diagram) model composed of 3 alternative scenarios that have three levels each scenario. The simulation period was carried out until 2058. The simulation and model validation results showed that increasing recycling capacity and reducing the use of plastic products can significantly reduce the amount of waste entering the TPA (Final Disposal Site). The best scenario in MSW management is the combination scenario with a 30% reduction in MSW and 72.9% treatment. Waste reduction is carried out through education programs and public awareness, reducing the use of disposable materials and increasing recycling. Waste processing is carried out by constructing modern facilities such as incinerators and compost plants. Implementing this scenario can reduce the burden on landfills and maximize the use of waste as a resource. This research will contribute to developing future sustainable and environmentally friendly waste management strategies.
Sampah padat perkotaan atau Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) masih menjadi isu di daerah perkotaan termasuk Pekanbaru sebagai salah satu kota terpadat di Provinsi Riau. Peningkatan jumlah MSW yang dibiarkan berdampak terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan. Pengelolaan MSW saat ini berupa daur ulang melalui bank MSW dan sanitary landfill, namun hal tersebut belum optimal. Karena timbulan MSW terus meningkat. Peningkatan jumlah MSW yang dibiarkan berdampak terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan altrenatif skenario kebijakan pengelolaan MSW dengan menganalisis berbagai alternatif skenario meliputi pengurangan dan pengolahan untuk Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Pekanbaru. Metode yang digunakan yaitu System Dynamics yang teridiri dari perancangan model CLD (Causal Loop Diagram), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan membangun model SFD (Stock and Flow Diagram). Terdiri dari 3 alternatif skenario yang memiliki 3 tingkat setiap skenarionya. Periode simulasi dilakukan hingga tahun 2058. Hasil simulasi dan validasi model menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kapasitas daur ulang dan pengurangan penggunaan produk berbahan plastik dapat secara signifikan mengurangi jumlah MSW yang masuk ke TPA (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir). Skenario kombinasi dengan pengurangan MSW sebesar 30% dan pengolahan 72,9% merupakan skenario terbaik dalam pengelolaan MSW. Pengurangan MSW dilakukan melalui program edukasi dan kesadaran masyarakat, pengurangan penggunaan bahan sekali pakai, serta peningkatan daur ulang. Pengolahan MSW dilakukan melalui pembangunan fasilitas pengolahan MSW modern, seperti insinerator dan pabrik kompos Implementasi dari skenario ini dapat mengurangi beban tempat pembuangan akhir dan memaksimalkan pemanfaatan MSW sebagai sumber daya. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pengembangan strategi pengelolaan MSW yang lebih berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan di masa depan.
Referensi
[2] D. E. Turcott Cervantes, A. López Martínez, M. Cuartas Hernández, And A. Lobo García De Cortázar, “Using Indicators As A Tool To Evaluate Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Critical Review,” Waste Management, Vol. 80, Pp. 51–63, Oct. 2018, Doi: 10.1016/J.Wasman.2018.08.046.
[3] S. Suthar And P. Singh, “Household Solid Waste Generation And Composition In Different Family Size And Socio-Economic Groups: A Case Study,” Sustainable Cities And Society, Vol. 14, Pp. 56–63, Feb. 2015, Doi: 10.1016/J.Scs.2014.07.004.
[4] S. Supangkat And H. Herdiansyah, “Analysis Correlation Of Municipal Solid Waste Generation And Population: Environmental Perspective,” Iop Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., Vol. 519, No. 1, P. 012056, Jun. 2020, Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/519/1/012056.
[5] N. Ferronato And V. Torretta, “Waste Mismanagement In Developing Countries: A Review Of Global Issues,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, Vol. 16, No. 6, P. 1060, Mar. 2019, Doi: 10.3390/Ijerph16061060.
[6] I. R. Abubakar Et Al., “Environmental Sustainability Impacts Of Solid Waste Management Practices In The Global South,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 19, P. 12717, Oct. 2022, Doi: 10.3390/Ijerph191912717.
[7] Ppid, “Wujudkan Indonesia Bersih Sampah Melalui Pengelolaan Sampah Terintegrasi.” Accessed: Oct. 31, 2023. [Online]. Available: Https://Ppid.Menlhk.Go.Id/Berita/Siaran-Pers/4128/Wujudkan-Indonesia-Bersih-Sampah-Melalui-Pengelolaan-Sampah-Terintegrasi
[8] R. L. Verma And G. Borongan, “Emissions Of Greenhouse Gases From Municipal Solid Waste Management System In Ho Chi Minh City Of Viet Nam,” Urban Science, Vol. 6, No. 4, Art. No. 4, Dec. 2022, Doi: 10.3390/Urbansci6040078.
[9] Council On Foreign Relations, “Who Releases The Most Greenhouse Gases?,” World101 From The Council On Foreign Relations. Accessed: Oct. 31, 2023. [Online]. Available: Https://World101.Cfr.Org/Global-Era-Issues/Climate-Change/Who-Releases-Most-Greenhouse-Gases
[10] Badan Pusat Statistik, “Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Angka 2023,” Pek, 2023.
[11] F. Zulkipli, Z. M. Nopiah, N. E. A. Basri, And C. J. Kie, “Stock Flow Diagram Analysis On Solid Waste Management In Malaysia,” Vol. 1782, P. 040023, Oct. 2016, Doi: 10.1063/1.4966090.
[12] K. Hayati, N. R. Kusumaningrum, K. Amri, And Afriyani, “Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah Di Kota Pekanbaru,” 2022.
[13] Okezone, “10 Kota Dengan Produksi Sampah Terbanyak Di Indonesia, Nomor 2 Tak Sangka?: Okezone Travel,” Https://Travel.Okezone.Com/. Accessed: Nov. 04, 2023. [Online]. Available: Https://Travel.Okezone.Com/Read/2022/08/23/408/2653138/10-Kota-Dengan-Produksi-Sampah-Terbanyak-Di-Indonesia-Nomor-2-Tak-Sangka
[14] Dlhk, “Capaian Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah.” Accessed: Oct. 21, 2024. [Online]. Available: Https://Sipsn.Menlhk.Go.Id/Sipsn/Public/Data/Capaian
[15] P. D. Lestari, “Dlhk Kota Pekanbaru Targetkan 30 Persen Volume Sampah Tertangani - Riau Pos,” Dlhk Kota Pekanbaru Targetkan 30 Persen Volume Sampah Tertangani - Riau Pos. Accessed: Oct. 21, 2024. [Online]. Available: Https://Riaupos.Jawapos.Com/Pekanbaru/2254076793/Dlhk-Kota-Pekanbaru-Targetkan-30-Persen-Volume-Sampah-Tertangani
[16] I. Rielasari, “Pengelolaan Sampah Kota Pekanbaru,” Vol. 5, No. 1, 2018.
[17] R. Eisted, A. W. Larsen, And T. H. Christensen, “Collection, Transfer And Transport Of Waste: Accounting Of Greenhouse Gases And Global Warming Contribution.” Accessed: Oct. 31, 2023. [Online]. Available: Https://Journals.Sagepub.Com/Doi/10.1177/0734242x09347796
[18] E. Suryani, R. A. Hendrawan, And U. E. Rahmawati, Model Dan Simulasi Sistem Dinamik. Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2020.
[19] John. D. Sterman, Business Dynamic-System Thinking And Modelling For A Commplex World. Irwin/Mcgraw-Hill, 2000.
[20] G. Richardson And D A. L. Pugh, Introduction To System Dynamics Modelling With Dynamo. Productivity Pr, 1981.
[21] J. D. W. Morecroft, Strategic Modelling And Business Dynamics: A Feedback Systems Approach, Second Edition. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley And Sons Ltd, 2015.
[22] Y. Barlas, “Multiple Tests For Validation Of System Dynamics Type Of Simulation Models,” European Journal Of Operational Research, Vol. 42, No. 1, Pp. 59–87, Sep. 1989, Doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(89)90059-3.
[23] E. Damanhuri, W. Handoko, And T. Padmi, “Municipal Solid Waste Management In Indonesia,” In Municipal Solid Waste Management In Asia And The Pacific Islands: Challenges And Strategic Solutions, A. Pariatamby And M. Tanaka, Eds., Singapore: Springer, 2014, Pp. 139–155. Doi: 10.1007/978-981-4451-73-4_8.
[24] D. J. Bogue, Principles Of Demography. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969.
[25] A. U. Zaman And S. Lehmann, “Challenges And Opportunities In Transforming A City Into A ‘Zero Waste City,’” Challenges, Vol. 2, No. 4, Art. No. 4, Dec. 2011, Doi: 10.3390/Challe2040073.
[26] R. Lee, “The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries Of Fundamental Change,” Journal Of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 17, No. 4, Pp. 167–190, Dec. 2003, Doi: 10.1257/089533003772034943.
[27] T. Karak, R. M. Bhagat, And P. Bhattacharyya, “Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Composition, And Management: The World Scenario,” Critical Reviews In Environmental Science And Technology, Vol. 42, No. 15, Pp. 1509–1630, Aug. 2012, Doi: 10.1080/10643389.2011.569871.
[28] D. C. Wilson, L. Rodic, A. Scheinberg, C. A. Velis, And Alabaster, “Comparative Analysis Of Solid Waste Management In 20 Cities.” Accessed: Oct. 28, 2024. [Online]. Available: Https://Journals.Sagepub.Com/Doi/Full/10.1177/0734242x12437569
[29] L. Giusti, “A Review Of Waste Management Practices And Their Impact On Human Health,” Waste Manag, Vol. 29, No. 8, Pp. 2227–2239, Aug. 2009, Doi: 10.1016/J.Wasman.2009.03.028.
[30] A. Mahar, R. Malik, A. Qadir, T. Ahmed, Z. Khan, And M. Khan, “Review And Analysis Of Current Solid Waste Management Situation In Urban Areas Of Pakistan,” In Proceedings Of The International Conference On Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Chennai, India, Jan. 2007.
[31] Bps Provinsi Riau, “Statistik Kelapa Sawit Provinsi Riau 2022,” 2024.
[32] S. Suci, “Life Expectancy: Memperpanjang Harapan Rentang Hidup.” Accessed: Jan. 02, 2025. [Online]. Available: Https://Sejawat.Co.Id/Article/Detail/Life-Expectancy-Memperpanjang-Harapan-Rentang-Hidup-1680701940
[33] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan, “Sipsn - Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional.” Accessed: Jan. 02, 2025. [Online]. Available: Https://Sipsn.Menlhk.Go.Id/Sipsn/Public/Data/Timbulan
[34] I. Surjandari, A. Hidayatno, And A. Supriatna, “Model Dinamis Pengelolaan Sampah Untuk Mengurangi Beban Penumpukan,” Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Keilmuan Dan Aplikasi Teknik Industri, Vol. 11, No. 2, Art. No. 2, Dec. 2009, Doi: 10.9744/Jti.11.2.134-147.
[35] L. Febriani, Y. I. Siregar, And R. M. Putra, “Analisis Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Berbasis Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai Kota Pekanbaru,” Photon: Journal Of Natural Sciences And Technology, Vol. 11, No. 1, Art. No. 1, Oct. 2020, Doi: 10.37859/Jp.V11i1.2089.
[36] Redaksi, “Tpa 2 Muara Fajar Tampung 243.301,71 Ton Sampah Per Tahun,” Riaukini.Com. Accessed: Jan. 03, 2025. [Online]. Available: Https://Riaukini.Com/News/Detail/2087/Tpa-2-Muara-Fajar-Tampung-24330171-Ton-Sampah-Per-Tahun
[37] J. W. Forrester And P. M. Senge, “Tests For Building Confidence In System Dynamics Models,” Tims Studies In The Management Sciences, Vol. 14, Pp. 209–228, 1980.
[38] A. M. Law And W. D. Kelton, Simulation Modeling And Analysis, Second Editon. In Mcgraw-Hill Series In Industrial Engineering And Management Science. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland: Mcgraw-Hill, Inc, 1991.
[39] Y. Barlas, “Formal Aspects Of Model Validity And Validation In System Dynamics,” Syst. Dyn. Rev., Vol. 12, No. 3, Pp. 183–210, 1996, Doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199623)12:3<183::AID-SDR103>3.0.CO;2-4.
[40] KLHK, “SIPSN - Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional.” Accessed: Oct. 07, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sipsn.menlhk.go.id/sipsn/public/data/timbulan
