Karya Cipta Di Era Kecerdasan Buatan: Tantangan Regulasi Dan Perlindungan Hukum Dalam Lanskap Digital
Abstract
ABSTRAK Revolusi teknologi yang ditandai oleh berkembangnya kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam proses penciptaan karya, mulai dari seni visual, musik, hingga teks. AI bukan lagi sekadar alat bantu, melainkan telah menjadi aktor kreatif yang menghasilkan ciptaan secara mandiri maupun semi-otomatis. Fenomena ini menimbulkan problematika hukum, khususnya dalam hal pengakuan hak cipta, karena sistem hukum yang berlaku saat ini, termasuk di Indonesia, masih berpijak pada paradigma bahwa hanya manusia yang dapat diakui sebagai pencipta. Artikel ini menganalisis tantangan regulasi dan perlindungan hukum terhadap karya cipta yang dihasilkan oleh AI dalam konteks hukum positif Indonesia, serta mengkaji urgensi pembaruan hukum untuk menjawab dinamika lanskap digital. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan dukungan studi literatur internasional, ditemukan bahwa terdapat kekosongan norma mengenai status hukum karya AI-generated, serta inkonsistensi dalam interpretasi prinsip orisinalitas dan subjek pencipta. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan perumusan regulasi baru yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi, agar sistem perlindungan hak cipta tetap menjamin keadilan, kepastian hukum, dan kemanfaatan dalam ekosistem digital masa kini. Kata Kunci: Hak Cipta; Karya Digital; Kecerdasan Buatan; Hukum Indonesia. ABSTRACT He technological revolution marked by the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to the creative process, from visual arts and music to text. AI is no longer just a tool, but has become a creative actor that produces creations independently or semi-automatically. This phenomenon raises legal issues, particularly in terms of copyright recognition, because the current legal system, including in Indonesia, is still based on the paradigm that only humans can be recognized as creators. This article analyzes the challenges of regulation and legal protection of works created by AI in the context of Indonesian positive law, as well as examining the urgency of legal reform to respond to the dynamics of the digital landscape. Using a normative approach and supported by international literature studies, it was found that there is a normative gap regarding the legal status of AI-generated works, as well as inconsistencies in the interpretation of the principles of originality and the subject of creation. Therefore, new regulations that are adaptive to technological developments are needed so that the copyright protection system continues to guarantee fairness, legal certainty, and benefits in today's digital ecosystem. Keywords: Copyrigh; Digital Works; Artificial Intelligenc; Indonesian Law.References
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Hattenstone, Simon. “Can a Machine Be an Artist?” The Guardian, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/international.
Magnis-Suseno, Franz. “Etika Politik: Prinsip-Prinsip Moral Dasar Kenegaraan Modern.” Gramedia, no. 103 (1991).
Maras, Marie-Therese, Gleaso, and Shane. “Artificial Intelligence and Creativity: Will AI Replace the Human Creator?” International Journal of Law and Information Technology 28, no. 2 (2020): 155–74.
Nugroho, Susanti Adi. Hak Cipta Dan Teknologi Digital. Yogyakarta, 2022.
Office, U.S. Copyright. “Copyright Registration Guidance: Works Containing Material Generated by Artificial Intelligence,” 2023. https://www.copyright.gov/ai/.
———. “Zarya of the Dawn Decision Letter,” 2023.
Office, UK Intellectual Property. “Guidance on Artificial Intelligence and IP,” 2021.
OpenAl. “Terms of Use,” 2023. https://openai.com/policies/terms-of-use/.
Organization), WIPO (World Intellectual Property. “Issues Paper on Intellectual Property Policy and Artificial Intelligence.” Geneva, 2020.
Parliament, European. “Intellectual Property Rights and Artificial Intelligence,” 2020.
Rakhmawati, Putri. “Transformasi Literasi Hukum Digital Dalam Era Disrupsi Teknologi.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan Teknologi 12, no. 1 (2023): 89.
Republik Indonesia. “Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta.” Jakarta, 2014. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38690.
Surya, H. “Hak Cipta Dan AI: Antara Ciptaan Manusia Dan Mesin.” Jurnal Hukum & Teknologi 4, no. 1 (2022): 22–35.
Tan, David. “Copyright and Artificial Creativity: Reconceptualizing Authorship in the Age of AI.” Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, 2020, 146.
Tisnanta, Heryandi. Hukum Hak Cipta Dan Hak Terkait. yogyakarta: LaksBang PRESSindo, 2018.
Wijayanti, D. “Digitalisasi Dan Tantangan Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual Di Era 4.0.” Jurnal IUS 8, no. 2 (2021): 301–17.
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