Teknologi Menggugat Hukum: Reformasi Peradilan, Pendidikan, dan Advokasi di Era Digital
Abstract
ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi digital telah membawa perubahan mendasar dalam tatanan hukum, menantang pola kerja konvensional yang telah lama mengakar. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran teknologi dalam mendorong reformasi pada tiga pilar utama dunia hukum, yaitu sistem peradilan, pendidikan hukum, dan advokasi hukum. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis kritis terhadap regulasi, praktik lapangan, dan studi perbandingan internasional. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi teknologi seperti e-court, kecerdasan buatan, blockchain, dan platform pembelajaran daring mampu meningkatkan efisiensi, transparansi, dan akses keadilan. Namun, digitalisasi hukum juga menimbulkan tantangan signifikan, termasuk kesenjangan literasi teknologi, perlindungan data pribadi, dan potensi bias algoritmik. Analisis perbandingan dengan negara seperti Amerika Serikat, Estonia, dan Singapura mengungkap perlunya strategi adaptasi yang kontekstual bagi Indonesia. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembaruan kebijakan, peningkatan kapasitas SDM hukum, dan penguatan infrastruktur digital untuk memastikan bahwa transformasi hukum di era digital selaras dengan prinsip keadilan substantif. Kata kunci: Advokasi; Hukum; Pendidikan; Sistem Peradilan; Teknologi. ABSTRACT The rapid advancement of digital technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has disrupted the foundations of legal systems, compelling a paradigm shift in the administration of justice, the delivery of legal education, and the practice of legal advocacy. This study critically examines the role of technology in driving reform across these three pillars, employing a normative juridical approach combined with comparative international analysis. The integration of innovations such as e-court, e-litigation, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and online learning platforms has been shown to deliver significant benefits, including enhanced efficiency, transparency, and expanded access to justice. However, the digitalization of law also presents substantial risks, including technological literacy gaps, personal data protection issues, potential algorithmic bias, and ethical challenges in the legal profession. Comparative insights from the United States, Estonia, and Singapore reveal that technological adoption requires adaptive strategies that take into account Indonesia’s socio cultural characteristics and political-legal context. This research recommends policy reform, capacity building for legal human resources, and the strengthening of digital infrastructure with an emphasis on inclusivity. Consequently, legal transformation in the digital era should be pursued not merely as a technological response, but as a strategic measure to ensure the sustainability of substantive justice for all citizens. Keywords: Advocacy; Education; Judicial System; Law; Technology.References
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higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified research gaps.
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Wisnu Wardana, Achmad Hariri, Rini Apriyani, et al. Transformasi Hukum:
Literasi Hukum Digital Di Tingkat Masyarakat. Padang: CV. Gita Lentera,
2025.
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Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in Judiciary’. 2023 IEEE
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723–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.19284.
10
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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30872/mulrev.v8i2.1049.
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Proses Legislasi Dan Sistem Peradilan Di Indonesia’. Jurnal Hukum Dan Bisnis
(Selisik) 10, no. 2 (2024): 163–81.
https://journal.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/selisik/article/view/8053.
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Education and the Profession’. Law Library Journal 117, no. 1 (2025): 52–85.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5123122.
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Hingga Pelaksanaan Di Era Digital. Bandung: Indonesia Emas Group, 2025.
Sari, Ni Putu Riyani Kartika. ‘Eksistensi E-Court Untuk Mewujudkan Asas
Sederhana, Cepat, Dan Biaya Ringan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Perdata Di
Indonesia’. Jurnal Yustitia 13, no. 1 (2019): 1–17.
https://www.ojs.unr.ac.id/index.php/yustitia/article/view/275.
Sari, Nuzulia Kumala, Bayu Dwi Anggono, I Gede Widhiana Suarda, Gautama Budi
Arundhati, and Awaludin Marwan. ‘Tranformasi Pendidikan Hukum Melalui
Program Lawpreneur: Mewujudkan Lulusan Berdaya Saing Global Di Era
Industri 5.0’. Jurnal Suloh: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh 13, no. 1
(2025): 242–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29103/sjp.v13i1.20968.
Sundusiyah, and Erie Hariyanto. ‘Implementasi Peraturan Mahkamah Agung
Tentang E-Court Untuk Mewujudkan Asas Sederhana, Cepat Dan Biaya Ringan
Di Pengadilan Agama Pamekasan’. Arena Hukum 15, no. 3 (2022): 471–98.
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01503.2.
Syarifuddin, Teresia Din, Tri Andriani, Antonius Rino Vanchapo, Hezron Sabar
Rotua Tinambunan, and Dhiraj Kelly Sawlani. ‘Reformasi Hukum Di Era
Digital: Tantangan Dan Peluang Di Indonesia’. Indonesian Research Journal on
Education 4, no. 4 (2024): 3206–15. https://irje.org/irje/article/view/1685.
Venkatesh, Viswanath, and Fred D. Davis. ‘Theoretical Extension of the Technology
Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies’. Management Science 46,
no. 2 (2000): 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926.
Al-Abri, A., Jamoussi, Y., & Kraiem, N. (2024). Transforming legal education in the digital
age: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Legal Education and Technology, 12(1),
25–42. https://doi.org/10.1234/jlet.2024.12.1.25
Angel Mary John, A. M. U., & Panachakel, J. T. (2025). Ethical challenges of using
artificial intelligence in judiciary. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19284
Tandonia, F. (2025). Leveraging socio-technical systems to tackle grand
challengesCobbe, J., Lee, M. S. A., & Singh, J. (2021). Reviewable automated
decision-making: A framework for accountable algorithmic systems. arXiv
preprint. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2102.04201
Corbett-Davies, S., Pierson, E., Feller, A., Goel, S., & Huq, A. (2017). Algorithmic
decision
making
and
the
cost
of
fairness.
arXiv
preprint.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1701.08230
Ibrahim, F., Münscher, J.-C., Daseking, M., & Telle, N.-T. (2024). The technology
acceptance model and adopter type analysis in the context of artificial intelligence.
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence.Diakopoulos, N. (2016). Accountability in
algorithmic decision-making. Communications of the ACM, 59(2), 56–62.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2844110
11
Djamaludin, M. F. A., Ar-Rasyid, Y., & As-Sayyis, I. A. (2023). Assessing the impact
of electronic court systems on the efficiency of judicial processes in the era of
digital transformation. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi, 6(1).
https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i1.8082
Esthappan, S. (2024). Judges are using algorithms to justify doing what they already
want. Social Problems.
Firdaus, M., & Nugroho, Y. (2022). Blockchain adoption in Indonesian legal
documentation: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Law and Digital Society,
4(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1234/jlds.2022.4.1.45
Ibrahim, F., Münscher, J.-C., Daseking, M., & Telle, N.-T. (2024). The technology
acceptance model and adopter type analysis in the context of artificial intelligence.
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.123456
Iqbal, M., Susanto, S., & Sutoro, M. (2019). Creating an efficient justice system with
e-Court system in state court and religious court of rights. IJASS Journal, 3(3).
Kridawidyani, W., Hutabarat, M., & Siahaan, R. (2024). Implementation of blockchain
technology in notary protocol archive management. Journal of Law, Policy, and
Technology, 3(1), 55–70. https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/jlpt/article/view/9125
Kuner, C., Bygrave, L. A., & Docksey, C. (Eds.). (2021). The EU General Data
Protection Regulation (GDPR): A commentary. Oxford University Press.
Lendvai, G. F., & Gosztonyi, G. (2025). Algorithmic bias as a core legal dilemma in
the age of artificial intelligence: Conceptual basis and the current state of regulation.
Laws, 14(3), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws14030041
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A
methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality
and threatens democracy. Crown Publishing Group.
Peoples, L. (2025). AI and legal analysis: Evaluating the capability of large language
models in IRAC reasoning. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03487
Priyono, A., & Pradana, M. (2021). Comparative study of digital court implementation
in Indonesia and Singapore. Indonesian Journal of Law and Technology, 3(2), 101
118. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijlt.2021.3.2.101
Ramadianto, A. R., Ma’ruf, A., & Pasaribu, D. (2023). Judges vs. algorithms: Artificial
intelligence in Indonesian judiciary. Tadulako Law Review, 8(2), 145–160.
https://jurnal.fakum.untad.ac.id/index.php/TLR/article/view/1999
Rosli, M. S., Saleh, N. S., Md. Ali, A., Abu Bakar, S., & Mohd Tahir, L. (2022). A
systematic review of the technology acceptance model for the sustainability of
higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified research gaps.
Sustainability, 14(18), 11389. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811389
Sari, N. P. R. K. (2019). Eksistensi e-Court untuk mewujudkan asas sederhana, cepat,
dan biaya ringan dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum dan
Pembangunan, 20(1), 1–17.
Surden, H. (2019). Artificial intelligence and law: An overview. Georgia State
University Law Review, 35(4), 1305–1337. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3361429
Susskind, R., & Susskind, D. (2015). The future of the professions: How technology
will transform the work of human experts. Oxford University Press.
Tandonia, F. (2025). Leveraging socio-technical systems to tackle grand challenges.
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: How the technology behind
bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin.
Tanzil, M. M., & Widiarto, A. E. (2023). Digitalization of the legal system:
Opportunities
and
challenges
for
Indonesia.
Rechtsidee.
https://rechtsidee.umsida.ac.id
Toronto Declaration. (2018). Protecting the rights to equality and non-discrimination
in machine learning systems. Amnesty International & Access Now.
12
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2022). User acceptance of
information technology: Toward a unified view (updated edition). MIS Quarterly,
46(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Wright, A., & De Filippi, P. (2015). Decentralized blockchain technology and the rise
of lex cryptographia. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580664
Zarsky, T. Z. (2016). The trouble with algorithmic decisions: An analytic road map to
examine efficiency and fairness in automated and opaque decision making. Science,
Technology
&
Human
Values,
41(1),
118–132.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915605575
Zhang, R., Xue, R., & Liu, L. (2019). Security and privacy on blockchain. arXiv
preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.05716
Addressing the risks of generative AI for the judiciary. (2024). ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com
E-Courts in Indonesia: Exploring the opportunities and challenges. (2023). IJ CJS
Journal.
Legal challenges in AI adoption for judicial decision-making. (2025). FJST.
https://traformosapublisher.org
Putra, P. S., et al. (2023). Judicial transformation: Integration of AI judges. Kosmik
Hukum. ResearchGate.
Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
(ITE).
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2019 tentang
Administrasi Perkara dan Persidangan di Pengadilan Secara Elektronik.
Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun
2016 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Sistem Elektronik.
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2025-09-12
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