THE EFFECT OF FINANCING QUALITY, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY, AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON PROFITABILITY WITH SHARIA COMPLIANCE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of financing quality, operational efficiency, and financial inclusion on profitability with sharia compliance as a moderating variable. Financing quality is proxied by non-performing financing (NPF), operational efficiency is proxied by operating expenses to operating income (BOPO), financial inclusion is proxied by the number of ATMs and the number of branch offices, profitability is proxied by return on assets (ROA), and sharia compliance is proxied by the Islamic income ratio (IsIR). The data collection method uses desk research, with secondary data obtained indirectly from the annual reports of Islamic commercial banks (BUS), publications of the financial services authority (OJK), and supporting literature during the period 2020–2024. The sample consists of eight Islamic commercial banks (BUS) selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis employs descriptive statistical tests, stationarity tests, model feasibility tests, classical assumption tests, hypothesis tests, and moderated regression analysis (MRA), using EViews 12 as the analytical tool. The results show that the NPF variable does not have a significant effect on ROA of Islamic commercial banks, while the BOPO variable and the number of ATMs have a significant negative effect on ROA, and the number of branch offices has a significant positive effect on ROA. Furthermore, the IsIR variable does not moderate the effect of NPF and BOPO on ROA; however, IsIR weakens the effect of the number of ATMs on ROA and strengthens the effect of the number of branch offices on ROA.
References
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Hidayatullah, F. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Kantor Bank, Rata-Rata Gaji, dan Beban Overhead terhadap Profitabilitas Bank. Social Science Academic, 1(2), 647–664. https://doi.org/10.37680/ssa.v1i2.4214
Iman, N. F., & Umiyati, U. (2022). Analisis Determinan atas Profitabilitas Bank Syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 10(1), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.35836/jakis.v10i1.280
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Islamiah, I. N., Nurnasrina, N., Salman, N. F. B., & Huda, N. (2024). Transformasi Digital pada Perbankan Syariah Indonesia: Produk It dan Jenis Transaksi. Sharing: Journal of Islamic Economics Management and Business, 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.31004/sharing.v3i1.27503
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Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024b). Statistik Perbankan Syariah (Issue December).
Pratama, M. Y., & Ismunawan. (2024). Pengaruh CAR, FDR, NPF dan BOPO terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Syariah (Studi Kasus pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia Periode Tahun 2015-2022). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Manajemen Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 1(2), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.61722/jemba.v1i2.197
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Rosyadi, I., Febriandika, N. R., Aisyah, N. N., & Hasanah, M. (2025). Comparative Study on Financial Performance of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks Before and After Covid-19: Evidence From Indonesia. Banks and Bank Systems, 20(2), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.20(2).2025.03
Rufaedah, D. A., Yazid, M., & Novi, F. (2024). Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah di Indonesia Berdasarkan Islamic Performance Index. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 12(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.69693/general.v1i2.8
Saputra, Y. (2025). Jumlahnya Terus Menurun, Rintis Ungkap Peluang ATM untuk Berevolusi. Infobanknews.
Sari, S. M. R., & Nurdiawansyah, N. (2024). Determinan Profitabilitas pada Bank Konvensional di Indonesia. Owner, 8(3), 2771–2782. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i3.2232
Sitanggang, C. V. S. B., & Wahyuni, S. F. (2024). Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) dan Non Performing Financing terhadap Profitabilitas pada Bank Syariah Indonesia Periode 2015-2022. Reskaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 6(4), 2618–2632. https://doi.org/10.47476/reslaj.v6i4.1960
Soesana, A., Subakti, H., Salamun, S., Tasrim, I. W., Karwanto, K., Falani, I., Bukidz, D. P., & Pasaribu, A. N. (2023). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif.
Sugiyono, S. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D (19th ed.). Alfabeta Bandung.
Suseno, P. (2025). Peran Strategis Bank Syariah Wujudkan Ekosistem Halal. LensaCendekia.
Wahyuni, S., & Abdullah, M. W. (2021). Akuntabilitas Berbasis Syariah Enterprise Theory dalam Mewujudkan Ekonomi Sustainable. BALANCA?: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 3(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.35905/balanca.v3i01.1986
Widjiantoro, S. T. (2023). Pengaruh BOPO, NPF, FDR terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tahun 2013 – 2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 1818–1826. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.8908
Yenti, F., Elfadhli, Burda, H., & Khairiah, E. (2021). Kepatuhan Syariah (Shariah Compliance): Penerapannya pada Bank Nagari Cabang Syariah Solok. Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality, 10(2), 191–202. http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI
Zakkiyah, H., Ilham, M., Nadiroh, U., Sari, I. H., Sholeh, C. M., & Lestari, P. C. A. (2025). Peran Bank Syariah dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan UMKM Pasar Tanjung di Kota Jember. Journal of Sharia Economics and Finance, 3(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.34001/jsef.v3i1.1196
Aprilia, M., Oktavia, V., Oktoriza, L. A., & Setyahuni, S. W. (2024). Peran Jumlah ATM, Bank Size terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Konvensional dengan Sales sebagai Variabel Intervening. SEIKO?: Journal of Management & Business, 7(2), 1221–1228.
Astutik, L. B., Horirin, S., Elita, S., & Anam, M. S. (2024). Strategi Penanganan Kolektabilitas Berdasarkan Akad Murabahah Di BMT NU Cabang Kalisat Kabupaten Jember. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(2), 138–141.
Atmoko, C., & Sabarudin, A. (2020). OJK: Digitalisasi Sektor Keuangan Jadi Keniscayaan di Era New Normal. Antarasumsel.
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics. In Introductory Econometrics: A Practical Approach (5th ed.). Douglas Reiner.
Hananto, B., & Amijaya, S. (2021). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Ratio Kecukupan Modal, Dana Syirkah Temporer, dan BOPO terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Syariah Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Pelita Bangsa, 6(02), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.37366/jespb.v6i02.243
Hidayati, N., & Hindrayani, A. (2024). Pengaruh Jumlah Rekening Pinjaman, Jumlah ATM, dan Jumlah Kantor Cabang terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Konvensional di Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022. Jurnal EK & BI, 7(1), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.37600/ekbi.v7i1.1297
Hidayatullah, F. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah Kantor Bank, Rata-Rata Gaji, dan Beban Overhead terhadap Profitabilitas Bank. Social Science Academic, 1(2), 647–664. https://doi.org/10.37680/ssa.v1i2.4214
Iman, N. F., & Umiyati, U. (2022). Analisis Determinan atas Profitabilitas Bank Syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 10(1), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.35836/jakis.v10i1.280
Isa, M. (2023). Operational Risk Analysis of Sharia Bank During Covid-19. Jurnal Masharif Al-Syariah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 8(1), 99–109.
Islamiah, I. N., Nurnasrina, N., Salman, N. F. B., & Huda, N. (2024). Transformasi Digital pada Perbankan Syariah Indonesia: Produk It dan Jenis Transaksi. Sharing: Journal of Islamic Economics Management and Business, 3(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.31004/sharing.v3i1.27503
Mawarni, R., Fasa’, M. I., & Suharto, S. (2021). Penerapan Digital Banking Bank Syariah sebagai Upaya Customer Retantion pada Masa Covid-19. Al Iqtishod: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.37812/aliqtishod.v9i2.233
Nuha, V. Q. Q., & Mulazid, A. S. (2018). Pengaruh NPF, BOPO, dan Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Al-Uqud?: Journal of Islamic Economics, 2(2), 168–182. https://doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v2n2.p168-182
Nurrohman, Y., Sari, D. N., & Fernanda, S. A. (2023). Pengaruh adanya Pandemi Covid 19 terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Bank Umum Syariah Periode 2020-2021. ISLAMIC CIRCLE, 04(1), 1–9.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2020). Laporan Perkembangan Keuangan Syariah Indonesia 2020. In Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.056%0Ahttps://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-abstract/34/13/2201/4852827%0Ainternal-pdf://semisupervised-3254828305/semisupervised.ppt%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2013.02.005%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.10
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2022). Laporan Triwulan OJK Transformasi Digital. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024a). Desember 2024 (Vol. 22, Issue 12).
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024b). Statistik Perbankan Syariah (Issue December).
Pratama, M. Y., & Ismunawan. (2024). Pengaruh CAR, FDR, NPF dan BOPO terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Syariah (Studi Kasus pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia Periode Tahun 2015-2022). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Manajemen Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 1(2), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.61722/jemba.v1i2.197
Pratiwi, N., Sofyan, I. F., Muhlis, S., & Bulutoding, L. (2024). Kajian Komparatif Sharia Enterprise Theory dengan Paradigma Bisnis Konvensional. El-Iqtishady: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 6(1), 26–37.
Purwanto, A. (2024). Pesatnya Transaksi Digital Susutkan Populasi ATM. Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2024/06/12/pesatnya-transaksi-digital-susutkan-populasi-atm
Roosmawarni, A. (2021). Pengaruh Non Performing Financing, Capital Adequacy Ratio dan Bopo terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Syariah di Indonesia. OECONOMICUS Journal of Economics, 6(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.15642/oje.2021.6.1.19-28
Rosyadi, I., Febriandika, N. R., Aisyah, N. N., & Hasanah, M. (2025). Comparative Study on Financial Performance of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks Before and After Covid-19: Evidence From Indonesia. Banks and Bank Systems, 20(2), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.20(2).2025.03
Rufaedah, D. A., Yazid, M., & Novi, F. (2024). Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah di Indonesia Berdasarkan Islamic Performance Index. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Islam, 12(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.69693/general.v1i2.8
Saputra, Y. (2025). Jumlahnya Terus Menurun, Rintis Ungkap Peluang ATM untuk Berevolusi. Infobanknews.
Sari, S. M. R., & Nurdiawansyah, N. (2024). Determinan Profitabilitas pada Bank Konvensional di Indonesia. Owner, 8(3), 2771–2782. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i3.2232
Sitanggang, C. V. S. B., & Wahyuni, S. F. (2024). Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) dan Non Performing Financing terhadap Profitabilitas pada Bank Syariah Indonesia Periode 2015-2022. Reskaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 6(4), 2618–2632. https://doi.org/10.47476/reslaj.v6i4.1960
Soesana, A., Subakti, H., Salamun, S., Tasrim, I. W., Karwanto, K., Falani, I., Bukidz, D. P., & Pasaribu, A. N. (2023). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif.
Sugiyono, S. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D (19th ed.). Alfabeta Bandung.
Suseno, P. (2025). Peran Strategis Bank Syariah Wujudkan Ekosistem Halal. LensaCendekia.
Wahyuni, S., & Abdullah, M. W. (2021). Akuntabilitas Berbasis Syariah Enterprise Theory dalam Mewujudkan Ekonomi Sustainable. BALANCA?: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 3(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.35905/balanca.v3i01.1986
Widjiantoro, S. T. (2023). Pengaruh BOPO, NPF, FDR terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tahun 2013 – 2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 1818–1826. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.8908
Yenti, F., Elfadhli, Burda, H., & Khairiah, E. (2021). Kepatuhan Syariah (Shariah Compliance): Penerapannya pada Bank Nagari Cabang Syariah Solok. Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality, 10(2), 191–202. http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JHI
Zakkiyah, H., Ilham, M., Nadiroh, U., Sari, I. H., Sholeh, C. M., & Lestari, P. C. A. (2025). Peran Bank Syariah dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan UMKM Pasar Tanjung di Kota Jember. Journal of Sharia Economics and Finance, 3(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.34001/jsef.v3i1.1196
Published
2026-03-31
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Rahmawati, Y. Z. (2026). THE EFFECT OF FINANCING QUALITY, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY, AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON PROFITABILITY WITH SHARIA COMPLIANCE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE. Ar-Rihlah : Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan Syariah, 6(01). Retrieved from https://jurnal.unsur.ac.id/index.php/ar-rihlah/article/view/5828
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