Aspek Modalitas dalam Novel “Ayat-Ayat Cinta†dan Novel “Dalam Mihrab Cintaâ€

Abstract

Artikel ini mendiskusikan penggunaan modalitas pada novel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu deskriptif dengan sumber data dua buah karya sastra, yaitu novel  “Ayat-ayat Cinta†terbitan tahun 2006 dan novel “Dalam Mihrab Cinta†terbitan 2007. Kedua novel itu merupakan karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy yang diterbitkan oleh penerbit Repubika. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kartu data yang memuat nomor kode, kalimat yang mengandung pengungkap modalitas, dan analisis dari data yang ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur pengungkap modalitas dalam kalimat ditemukan sebanyak 32 kata dengan frekuensi pemakaian sebanyak 139 kalimat. Unsur pengungkap tersebut berwujud adverbia, verba, dan klausa. Distribusi pengungkap modalitas ditemukan dalam dua posisi, yakni pada awal kalimat sebanyak 43 dan di tengah kalimat sebanyak 96. Modalitas dalam kalimat pada novel “Ayat-Ayat Cinta†dan “Dalam Mihrab Cinta†memiliki berbagai subkategori dan submakna. Pemakaian modalitas intensional diungkapkan oleh adverbia, verba, dan klausa sebanyak 136 kalimat. Modalitas intensional terdiri atas makna keinginan, harapan, ajakan, pembiaran, dan permintaan. Pemakaian modalitas dinamik diungkapkan oleh adverbia sebanyak 20 kalimat. Modalitas dinamik hanya terdiri atas satu makna, yaitu makna kemampuan.

Kata kunci: modalitas, novel, sintaksis, dan semantik leksikal.

This article discusses the use of modalities in novels. The method used in this research is descriptive with data sources of two literary works, the novel “Ayat-Ayat Cinta†published in 2006 and the novel “Dalam Mihrab Cinta“ published in 2007. Both novels are the work of Habiburrahman El Shirazy, published by the publisher Repubika. The instrument used in the study was a data card that contained code numbers, sentences containing disclosure of modalities, and analysis of the data found. The results showed that the expressing element of modality in sentences was found as many as 32 words with a frequency of use of 139 sentences. The disclosure element is in the form of adverbs, verbs, and clauses. The distribution of the modality reveals is found in two positions, namely at the beginning of the sentence as many as 43 and in the middle of the sentence as much as 96. The modality in the sentence in the novel “Ayat-Ayat Cinta†and “Dalam Mihrab Cinta†has various subcategories and subm meanings. The use of intentional modality is expressed by adverb, verb, and clause as many as 136 sentences. Intensiveional modalities consist of the meaning of desire, hope, invitation, omission, and demand. The use of dynamic modality is expressed by adverb in 20 sentences. Dynamic modality consists of only one meaning, which is the meaning of ability.

Keywords: modality, novel, syntax, and lexical semantics