STUDI KOMPARATIF NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM STRATEGI ADVOKASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA OLEH AKTIVIS MUSLIM INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DARI TAHUN 1964 SAMPAI 2020
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Studi tentang hak asasi manusia (HAM) terus berkembang, dengan advokasi yang menjangkau periode sejarah hingga masa kontemporer karena isu-isu HAM yang terus berlanjut di berbagai negara, khususnya Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat (AS). Aktivis HAM Muslim secara signifikan telah memengaruhi kesadaran masyarakat dan pemerintahan untuk menegakkan HAM. Studi ini berfokus pada nilai-nilai Islam yang diterapkan dalam strategi advokasi, kendala-kendala yang dihadapi aktivis HAM Muslim, serta persamaan dan perbedaan prinsip dan strategi advokasi yang ada pada aktivis HAM dari non-Muslim. Tujuan dari studi ini yakni untuk menganalisis cerminan nilai-nilai Islam dalam strategi advokasi aktivis HAM Muslim Indonesia dan Amerika dari tahun 1964 sampai 2020. Menggunakan purposive sampling dan analisis data deskriptif kualitatif, studi ini mengidentifikasi advokasi aktivis Munir Said Thalib, Abdurrahman Wahid, Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali, dan Linda Sarsour. Berdasarkan analisis pendekatan nilai-nilai Islam, maka sebagian besar strategi advokasi aktivis HAM Muslim di Indonesia dan Amerika yang meliputi taktik persuasi, strategi pemodelan, strategi litigasi, dan strategi pendidikan sama-sama menerapkan nilai Islam seperti kejujuran, keadilan, kerja sama, kerja keras, dan ketertiban sosial. Meskipun menghadapi berbagai hambatan, ketekunan para aktivis HAM Muslim pada akhirnya membawa hasil yang positif. Nilai-nilai Islam yang tercermin dalam strategi advokasi para aktivis HAM Muslim tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan sosial yang dianut oleh aktivis HAM non-Muslim dan masyarakat secara global.
ABSTRACT
The study of human rights continues to evolve, with advocacy spanning historical periods to contemporary times due to persistent human rights issues in various countries, particularly Indonesia and the United States (US). Muslim human rights activists have significantly influenced societal awareness and governance to uphold human rights. This study focused on Islamic values dominate advocacy strategies, obstacles faced by Muslim human rights activists, and the similarities and differences in the principles and strategies of advocacy compared to non-Muslim human rights activists. The study aims to analyze the influence of Islamic values reflected in the advocacy strategies of Indonesian and American Muslim human rights activists from 1964 to 2020. Using purposive sampling and descriptive qualitative data analysis, the study identifies the advocacies of Munir Said Thalib, Abdurrahman Wahid, Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali, and Linda Sarsour. Based on the analysis of the Islamic values approach, most of the advocacy strategies of Muslim human rights activists in Indonesia and America, which include persuasion tactics, modeling strategies, litigation strategies, and education strategies, equally apply Islamic values such as honesty, justice, cooperation, hard work, and social order. Despite numerous obstacles, the perseverance of Muslim human rights activists ultimately leads to positive outcomes. Islamic values reflected in the advocacy strategies of Muslim human rights activists are not contradictory to the humanitarian and social values embraced by non-Muslim human rights activists and society globally.
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